Étienne Cabet
Étienne Cabet (; January 1, 1788 – November 9, 1856) was a
French philosopher and
utopian socialist who founded the
Icarian movement. Cabet became the most popular socialist advocate of his day, with a special appeal to artisans who were being undercut by factories. Cabet published ''
Voyage en Icarie'' in French in 1839 (and in English in 1840 as ''Travels in Icaria''), in which he proposed replacing capitalist production with workers' cooperatives. Recurrent problems with French officials (a treason conviction in 1834 resulted in five years' exile in England), led him to emigrate to the United States in 1848. Cabet founded utopian communities in
Texas and
Illinois, but was again undercut, this time by recurring feuds with his followers.
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